1099 Form
A 1099 form is a U.S. tax document used to report payments made to independent contractors and other non-employee payees.
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The Accountant's Dictionary
Search structured definitions, practical explanations, and related business terms for HR, payroll, accounting, finance, and operational control.
Search the Eprecus ERP The Accountant's Dictionary
The Eprecus ERP dictionary is built for finance teams, HR managers, payroll administrators, operations leads, and business owners who need clear definitions they can apply inside real workflows. Use this glossary to understand payroll terminology, accounting definitions, HR metrics, and enterprise software concepts without vague textbook language.
Each entry is written to support practical ERP work, including reporting, approvals, payroll review, compliance conversations, reconciliation, workforce planning, and process design. If you need deeper examples, continue into the Eprecus ERP blog or review the platform overview.
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Showing 130 result(s) for "ap".
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Absence from Duty without Prior Approval
Absence from duty without prior approval is an unauthorized failure to report for work or obtain the required approval before being away from duty in the Jamaica public service.
Absenteeism Rate
Absenteeism rate measures the percentage of scheduled work time employees miss over a defined period.
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Filtered by search term 'ap'
Letters available
21
A
Accounts Payable
Accounts payable is the amount the business owes suppliers for goods or services already received but not yet paid.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, accounts-payable
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable is the amount customers owe the business for goods or services already delivered but not yet collected.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, accounts-receivable
Accounting Principles Board (APB)
Accounting Principles Board (APB) is an accounting term related to the classification, recording, or reporting of financial transactions within an account structure.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
APB
APB stands for the Accounting Principles Board, a former U.S. standard-setting body that preceded FASB.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
applied overhead
applied overhead is an accounting, finance, or reporting term used to classify, measure, record, analyze, or communicate business transactions and financial results.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
apportionment
apportionment is an accounting, finance, or reporting term used to classify, measure, record, analyze, or communicate business transactions and financial results.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
appraisal
appraisal is an accounting, finance, or reporting term used to classify, measure, record, analyze, or communicate business transactions and financial results.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
appraisal report
appraisal report is an accounting, finance, or reporting term used to classify, measure, record, analyze, or communicate business transactions and financial results.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
appropriated retained earnings
appropriated retained earnings is an accounting, finance, or reporting term used to classify, measure, record, analyze, or communicate business transactions and financial results.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
authorized number of shares of stock
authorized number of shares of stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
B
bill
bill is a billing or payables document term used to record, approve, or settle an amount due in a business transaction.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
bill of materials
bill of materials is a billing or payables document term used to record, approve, or settle an amount due in a business transaction.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, inventory
book value per share of stock
book value per share of stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
budget
budget is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
budget variance
budget variance is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
budgetary slack
budgetary slack is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
budgeted balance sheet
budgeted balance sheet is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
budgeted capacity
budgeted capacity is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
C
Credit Memo
A credit memo is a document that reduces the amount a customer owes or the amount payable to a supplier.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• ar, ap, invoice corrections
callable preferred stock
callable preferred stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
capital
capital is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
capital budgeting
capital budgeting is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
capital expenditures
capital expenditures is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
capital maintenance approach in determining net income
capital maintenance approach in determining net income is a revenue or income concept used to describe earnings recognized from business activity, financing, or other sources.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
capital maintenance approach to net income
capital maintenance approach to net income is a revenue or income concept used to describe earnings recognized from business activity, financing, or other sources.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
capital market
capital market is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
capital stock
capital stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
capitalize
capitalize is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
common stock
common stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
common stock account
common stock account is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
common stock dividend distributable
common stock dividend distributable is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
continuous budget
continuous budget is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
contra equity account
contra equity account is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
contra owner's equity account
contra owner's equity account is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
contributed capital
contributed capital is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
contribution approach income statement
contribution approach income statement is a formal financial statement or reporting document used to summarize financial position, performance, or cash movement.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
convertible preferred stock
convertible preferred stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
cost method of recording treasury stock
cost method of recording treasury stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
cost of capital
cost of capital is a cost accounting term used to measure, assign, analyze, or control the cost of operations, inventory, or production.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
cumulative preferred stock
cumulative preferred stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
current assets
Current assets are assets expected to be converted into cash, sold, or used within the next twelve months or operating cycle.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, liquidity
current liabilities
Current liabilities are obligations due within the next twelve months or operating cycle.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, liquidity
current ratio
Current ratio measures short-term liquidity by comparing current assets to current liabilities.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, ratios
D
DCF
DCF stands for discounted cash flow, a valuation approach that estimates value by discounting expected future cash flows.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
donated capital
donated capital is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
E
earnings per share (EPS)
earnings per share (EPS) is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
equity
equity is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
equity financing
equity financing is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
equity section of the balance sheet
equity section of the balance sheet is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, compliance
F
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are long-term tangible assets used in the business over more than one reporting period, such as equipment, vehicles, furniture, and buildings.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, fixed-assets
fixed manufacturing overhead applied
fixed manufacturing overhead applied is an accounting, finance, or reporting term used to classify, measure, record, analyze, or communicate business transactions and financial results.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
fixed manufacturing overhead budget variance
fixed manufacturing overhead budget variance is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
fixed overhead budget variance
fixed overhead budget variance is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
flexible budget
flexible budget is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
free cash flow per share
free cash flow per share is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, cash-flow
G
GAAP
GAAP stands for generally accepted accounting principles, the formal accounting framework used primarily in the United States for financial reporting and disclosure.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, compliance
generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)
Generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, are the formal accounting standards and conventions used primarily in the United States.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, compliance
I
intraperiod tax allocations
intraperiod tax allocations is a tax-related term used in accounting, reporting, payroll, compliance, or statutory calculations.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, compliance
inventory turnover ratio
Inventory turnover ratio measures how often inventory is sold or consumed and replaced during the reporting period.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, inventory
invoice
invoice is a billing or payables document term used to record, approve, or settle an amount due in a business transaction.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, cash-flow
J
J. Ott, Capital
J. Ott, Capital is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
JIT
JIT stands for just-in-time, an inventory and production approach that reduces stock on hand by synchronizing supply with demand.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
L
legal capital
legal capital is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
M
market share
market share is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
marketable equity securities
marketable equity securities is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, compliance
Mary Smith, Capital
Mary Smith, Capital is an owner's equity or partner capital account used to record ownership interest for Mary Smith.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
Matt Jones, Capital
Matt Jones, Capital is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
N
negative owner's equity
negative owner's equity is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
net income available for common stock
net income available for common stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
net working capital
Net working capital is another name for working capital and represents current assets minus current liabilities.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, liquidity
no-par value stock
no-par value stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
noncumulative preferred stock
noncumulative preferred stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
nonparticipating preferred stock
nonparticipating preferred stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
O
omitted dividends on preferred stock
omitted dividends on preferred stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
outstanding shares of common stock
outstanding shares of common stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
overapplied overhead costs
overapplied overhead costs is a cost accounting term used to measure, assign, analyze, or control the cost of operations, inventory, or production.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
overhead application
overhead application is an accounting, finance, or reporting term used to classify, measure, record, analyze, or communicate business transactions and financial results.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
owner's (stockholders') equity
owner's (stockholders') equity is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
owner's capital account
owner's capital account is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
owner's capital account - beg of year
owner's capital account - beg of year is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
owner's equity accounts
owner's equity accounts is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
P
paid-in capital
paid-in capital is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
paid-in capital from treasury stock
paid-in capital from treasury stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
paid-in capital in excess of par value
paid-in capital in excess of par value is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
paid-in capital in excess of par value - common stock
paid-in capital in excess of par value - common stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
paid-in capital in excess of par value - preferred stock
paid-in capital in excess of par value - preferred stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
paid-in capital in excess of stated value - common stock
paid-in capital in excess of stated value - common stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
par value of common stock
par value of common stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
par value of preferred stock
par value of preferred stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
participating preferred stock
participating preferred stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
preferred stock
preferred stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
preferred stock $100 par
preferred stock $100 par is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
preferred stock account
preferred stock account is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
premium on common stock
premium on common stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
premium on preferred stock
premium on preferred stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
publicly traded stock
publicly traded stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
R
R. Smith, Capital at Beginning of Year
R. Smith, Capital at Beginning of Year is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
return on average common stockholders' equity
return on average common stockholders' equity is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
return on capital employed
return on capital employed is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
return on stockholders' equity
return on stockholders' equity is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
Robert Morgan, Capital
Robert Morgan, Capital is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
ROCE
ROCE stands for return on capital employed, a profitability ratio that evaluates earnings relative to capital used in the business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
rolling budget
rolling budget is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
rolling horizon budget
rolling horizon budget is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
S
safety stock
safety stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
scattergraph
scattergraph is an accounting, finance, or reporting term used to classify, measure, record, analyze, or communicate business transactions and financial results.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
shareholder
shareholder is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
shareholders' equity
shareholders' equity is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
static budget
static budget is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
stock certificate
stock certificate is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, payroll
stock dividend
stock dividend is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
stock option
stock option is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
stock split
stock split is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
stockholder
stockholder is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
stockholders' equity
stockholders' equity is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
Subchapter S corporation
A Subchapter S corporation is a qualifying U.S. corporation that elects pass-through tax treatment under IRS rules.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
supplier invoice
supplier invoice is a billing or payables document term used to record, approve, or settle an amount due in a business transaction.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, cash-flow
T
Tony Mandella, Capital
Tony Mandella, Capital is an equity or capital term used to describe ownership interest, retained resources, or the financing structure of a business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
transaction approach to determining net income
transaction approach to determining net income is a revenue or income concept used to describe earnings recognized from business activity, financing, or other sources.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
treasury stock
treasury stock is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
U
unappropriated retained earnings
unappropriated retained earnings is an accounting, finance, or reporting term used to classify, measure, record, analyze, or communicate business transactions and financial results.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
underapplied manufacturing overhead
underapplied manufacturing overhead is an accounting, finance, or reporting term used to classify, measure, record, analyze, or communicate business transactions and financial results.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
US GAAP
US GAAP is the United States accounting standards framework used to prepare compliant external financial statements.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, compliance
V
variable manufacturing overhead applied
variable manufacturing overhead applied is an accounting, finance, or reporting term used to classify, measure, record, analyze, or communicate business transactions and financial results.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
vendor invoice
vendor invoice is a billing or payables document term used to record, approve, or settle an amount due in a business transaction.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, cash-flow
W
Working Capital
Working capital is the difference between current assets and current liabilities and measures the short-term liquidity available to run the business.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, liquidity
weighted-average cost of capital
weighted-average cost of capital is a cost accounting term used to measure, assign, analyze, or control the cost of operations, inventory, or production.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting
weighted-average number of shares of stock outstanding
weighted-average number of shares of stock outstanding is an equity or share-capital term used in corporate ownership, stockholder reporting, or capital structure accounting.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
working capital ratio
working capital ratio is a financial ratio used to measure or evaluate a specific aspect of liquidity, profitability, efficiency, leverage, or performance.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance
Z
zero-based budgeting
zero-based budgeting is a budgeting term used to plan, compare, or control expected revenue, cost, capacity, or spending.
The Accountant's Dictionary
• accounting, finance, management-accounting